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Roadside Stand | Class12 | Summary | Flemingo

The Roadside stand class 12 flemingo summary
The Roadside Stand

Theme of the story

The poem through the owner of roadside stand reflects upon the life of people thatnare deprived and mindlessly ignored by the city bred people. The owner wants to be accepted by the city people even if they dont buy anything from his stand. 
Further the poet also points
The little old house...........with a mind ahead
  • In this stanza the poet describe about the new shed that had been set up by the occupants of old littke house on the edge or side or side of the road that was busy with the traffic. The owner of the roadside stand await if someone would stop their car to buy something from this stand. He wasn't begging infact he waw trying to earn some money by selling fruit and vegetables. These people or this family is deprived and need money that have been circulating in the city with the help of which city people are flourishing. 

Or if ever aside........with silver warts.

  •  In this stanza, the poet uses polished traffic to describe the people are living in the city and even when they passing through the countryside their mnd are still occupied with their profession and city life. Further he describes that even if for moment they forgot about their city life and have a good look at the landscape all they do is criticize and judge. They simply get mad about the presence of shed their or the old rustic signs despite looking at the barries and the golden squash which is out for sale.

Or beauty rest........ Keeping from us
  •  Further the poet continues by speaking on the behalf of the owner of the roadside stand that if they have the money with them why they act so mean towards these people and hold it so dear to them. These peopla are hurt because they hoped that the city dwellers will buy their products which will generate income foe their family and they will be able to live happily, simply remains a trusting sorrow as no body bothers about their sale and instead they want that the stand should be removed as it spils the beauty of the landscape. Thw owner of the roadside stand thought that once the family has enough money they can live the life that was promised to them by the political parties.

It is in the news.......the ancient way.

  •  In this stanza the poet tekls that there is a news that these people living in the village or the countryside willbe relocated and shifted tothe the city near the theaters and the store where thwy will be equally benefitted by the development and growth. The people who consider themselves as the do - gooders or the cheritable ones simply manipulate them them and accomplish their own selfish motives. The village people are misguided by the city people who teach them to sleep all day which they are not habitual of as the village people spend their day working hard.
Sometimes I feel......where it ws bound.

  • In ths stanza the poet tells what he feels by looking at the pitiable conditions of these people. They for a customer like a child near the open window wishing that the car stop by their stand and at keast inquire the prices. He says that a car that stopped indeed plowed up the grass in order tobturn around an the another car that stopped simply askes about the direction.
And another to ask gently outbof my pain......

  • The poet want to uolift countryside poor people from their existing pain and therfore he empathises with them because  he knows that the even just enough to meet daily meet. He thinks tht people should be put out of pain nd harfship of existence. He then writes that he imagines how would be react when the nest day anyone would go and gently wake him up and put him out of the pain that he feels for the people. But this might only be the temporary relief for him just like it would be for the farmers or these poor peasants.
Roadside Stand | Class12 | Summary | Flemingo Roadside Stand | Class12 | Summary | Flemingo Reviewed by Being Morning Star on 20:52 Rating: 5

A Thing Of Beauty |Summary | Class 12 | Notes

A thing of beauty class 12
A Thing of Beauty


Theme Of the Poem

Any beautiful object is always treasured in our mind because it provides us eternal and everlasting joy. The happiness that a beautiful object provides,never fades into nothingness but multiples manifold whenever it returns to our mind. In the poem, the poet says thet a thing of beauty is a joy forever a joy in the admist of disease, suffering and disappointment of life. The object of beauty makes a lasting impression on us and gives us joy even when they are not present before our eyes. The joy that they give never fades into nothingness, but increases whenever they flash across our minds..

Summary 

A things of beauty.............quiet breathing

  • According to  poet, a beautiful thing is a source of eternal Joy and its loveliness only grows with time and never fades.
  • He says that this loveliness will never pass into nothingness and will provide us a cool, pleasant shady place which will give us good health,sound sleep and mental peace.
Therefore.............forest brake


  • This stanja tell us some of the beautiful things on Earth 
  • The examples cited by the poet are such: the sun the moon, trees that are old or young sprout to make a green covering which becomes a shelter for a simple sheep and provide cool shelter to sleep, the daffodils enclosed in green leaves and the clear rill or the streams with clear water make a cooling shelter for themselves against a hot season. 
  • Sun,moon,the tress the innocence of sheep ,the blossoming of daffodils in the meadows, the musk roses blooming p, the mass of ferns and the clear streams among mountain are the things of beauty enlisted by the poet in the poem 
Rich with.......... heaven's brinks


  • The fragrance of the musk blooms along with all the objects of beauty that the nature provide us lift the human spirit fillings it with joy and delight 
  • Along with these the wonderful tales of te legendary heroes who lived and died heroically are some things that inspire us with their beauty.
  • These beautiful things are the part of the endless fountain of immortal drink that is pouring unto us from the heaven's brink directly .
  • Meaning that these beautiful things bring eternal joy for the soul's grandeur,they are everlasting and a gift from heaven to us. 

Word Meaning 

  1. Bower - A pleasant shady place under tree
  2. Sprounting - Producing 
  3. Boon - Blessings 
  4. Rills - Smalk streams
  5. Brake - A thick mass of bushes
  6. Grandeur -  impressive 
  7. Brink  - Extreame edge

A Thing Of Beauty |Summary | Class 12 | Notes A Thing Of Beauty |Summary | Class 12 | Notes Reviewed by Being Morning Star on 19:11 Rating: 5

The Rattrap | Class 12 | Summary | Flemingo




Importance of Title

The Rattrap is an appropriate title as it is story of rattrap peddler. The word Rattrap throws light on the human dilemma with respect to the functioning of the society and world. Just like as rat is fooled by the bait that and it gets trapped similarly even human being also tends to fall into the trap of material benefits provided by the world. The story revolves around the incident of a man getting trapped due tonhis greed. Hence, the title is an apt one . Also, it is worth noticing and remarkable how the story ends with the note of "hope".

Theme of the Story

The remarkable theme of the story is that man is inherently good by nature and it is material benefits or the society and the environment he lives in makes him bad. Since, the story ends on a positive note pf hope, we infer that human goodness and kindness can bring about the change in the attitude of any person trapped.


Overview

Through the story, " The Rattrap" the author underlines the belief that essential kindness in human being can be aroused through sympathy, understanding the love. The story revolves around a man who used to sekk rattrap, steal and even begs to make his ends meet. While walking he was was struck with a sudden realisation that the whole world is rattrap and it offers riches as baits. Just like a rat is tempted to touch and take the bait away even people are tempted to touch the bait provided by the world and as soon as they get closer it traps them bringing everything at end. One dark evenng the rattrap peddlar sought shelter in old an old crofter's roadside cottage. The old man was kind hearted and generous and gave him food, tobacco and even played a card game with him. The old man told him about his earnings and also told him where he kept them. The next morning the peddler stole away the old's man earnings that were thirty kroners. He escaped into a big confusing forest and got lost. He got tired and just when he was about to conclude that his end is near he heared the thumping voice from the Ramsji ironworks and he went inside to seek shelter for the night. The owner soon came and noticed him and mistaken him for an old acquaintance of his named Nils Olof. He invited the peddler to stay with him forthe Christmas Eve as even as even he and his daughter unhappy spending the Eve all alone. Though then pedllar was reluctant but when the owner of the mill sent his daughter Edla Wllmansson to persuade him he could not say no. The peddler realizes that by stealing thirty kroners from the old man and accepting the invitation for Christmas Eve he was knowingly thrown himself intonthe lions den. When the pedllar came to the dining table all well groomed and dressed not as a tramp but as a gentleman the iron master or the owner realizes that hebhad mistaken him and he threatened to call the police. Though his daughter pleaded that the pedller should not be bothered and he deserves at least one day at peace. The iron master although reluctantly agreed to his daughter's request and the pedller was given a food and a place to sleep and was not disturbed exceptnfor food. Next morning the iron master and his daughter learn at the church about the man who stole thirty kroners from the old man and escaped into the woods and they realize its none other than their guest and they rush home only to find that the man was gone. But he did not steal anything instead he leftna packet for Edla as her Christmas present, she opens the packet, she opens the packet and finds a Rattrap, three wrinkled ten- kroners notes and also a letter with a request to return the kroners to the crofter. 

The Rattrap | Class 12 | Summary | Flemingo The Rattrap | Class 12 | Summary | Flemingo Reviewed by Being Morning Star on 21:56 Rating: 5

International Friendship Day | Friendship Day in India | History | Poem | Quotes

It is a day when the friends celebrate their friendship. It is celebrated on the first Sunday of August. The Friendship Day was the first organized in 1958.World Friendship Day is the theday to celebrate friendithe among each other. This day was a very popular celebration in many of the South American countries since when it was first celebrated in 1958 in Paraguay as the 'International Friendship Day'. Initially it was promoted by the greeting card industry, but later spreading through social networking sites and with the spread of the Internet, especially in India, Bangladesh and Malaysia.
The idea of ​​World Friendship Day was first proposed on 20 July 1958 by Dr. Raman Artimio Bracco. From this meeting of friends, World Friendship Crusade was started. The World Friendship Crusade is a foundation that promotes friendship and fellowship among all humans despite caste, color or religion.Then, on July 30, every year on Paraguay every year is celebrated as a world friendship day and it is celebrated. It has been adopted by many other countries. Nowadays, it is becoming more popular due to social media like Facebook.


History of Friendship Day

Friendship Day was originated by the Joyce hall the founder of the hallmark card in 1930, intended to be 2 August and a day when the people celebrated their friendships by holiday celebration.Friendship Day was promoted by the greeting card National Association during the 1920s but met with consumer resistance – given that it was too obviously a commercial gimmick to promote greetings cards. By the 1940s the number  Friendship Day cards are available in the U.S. by had dwindled and the holiday largely died out there. There is no evidence to  the date for its uptake in Europe; however, it has has been kept alive and revitalised in Asia, where several countries have adopted it.

In India

In India, Friendship Day is celebrated on the first Sunday of month of August every year. Everyone celebrate by exchanging greetings/text messages and tying friendship bands.In 2019, it will be celebrated on 04 august.

Happy Frienship Day Quotes


International Friendship Day History Quotes
International Friendship Day| History | Quotes | Poem

1.If you can unlock your friends mobile with your fingerprint then you have found your best friend forever.

2.I gave you hand to shake. But you held it for forever. You held it tighter And I said I'll let go never.


3.Its not the quantity of friends important its the quality.


4.Each friends represent a world in us,a world  possibly not born until they arrive and it is only by this meeting that a new world is born.


5.Friends are precious. The old ones are priceless.


6.Depth of friendship does not depend upon length of acquaintaince.

7.The greatest gift of life is frienship and I have received it.

8.There is nothing on these earth more to be prized thantrue friendship.

9.Maybe our friends are our soulmate and men are these great nice guys to have fun with.

10.Friendship was meant to be more than a greeting that came once a year
Friends makes life worth it.

11.Keep friends that say good thing behind your back and bad things on your face.


Poem on Friendship Day


Hey my dear friend
Appreciation will never end;
Precious you are to me
priceless gift of god I see!
You are a gold,
Fresh yet old.
Relationship of our
Is like a those Stars
Even though they are far
Nature made they are,
Do have their own light
Shine so bright at night
Hand I"ll lend
I"ll never let it end
Perfect, Pure and peaceful
Describing it as Beautiful
At the end I would say
Yaar Happy Friendship Day


International Friendship Day | Friendship Day in India | History | Poem | Quotes International Friendship Day | Friendship Day in India | History | Poem | Quotes Reviewed by Being Morning Star on 09:10 Rating: 5

Happy Father's Day: History | Quotes | Images | Recepies


Father's Day is a celebration  across the world for the honoring fathers and celebrating fatherhood and paternal bonds across the world.

Full Moon on Father’s Day

Do you know that Full Moon shines on Father’s Day this June???
The Full Moon will rise around sunset on Father Day's (Sunday) and then set in the west around sunrise on the 17th.

History of Father's Day

The  first Father’s Day was celebrated on June 19, 1910, in  Washington. However, it was not the until 1972–58 years after President Woodrow Wilson made Mother’s Day official that the day honoring fathers became a nationwide holiday in the United States. Father’s Day 2019 occurs on Sunday, June 16. Father's day celebrated across world on 3rd sunday of June but in some country it is celebrated on some other days.

Quotes on Father's Day

"I'm a father; that what matters most. Nothing matters more "by Gordon Brown

"I think my mom put it best. She said, 'Little girl soften their daddy  hearts" by Paul Walker


"I had no expectation about fatherhood, really, but it's definitely a journey I'm glad to be taking it."by Christopher Meloni


"Becoming a dad means you have to be a role model for your son and daughter and be someone he can look up to" by Wayne Rooney


"Anyone can be a father, but it takes someone special to be a dad, and that is why I call you dad, because you are so much special to me" by Wade Boggs


"To me, having children is the ultimate job in life. I want to be most successful at being a good father" by Nick Lachey


“A father is someone you look up to no matter how tall you grow.” by unknown


"What you teach your children, you also teach their children." by unknown


A father is neither an anchor to hold us back nor a sail to take us there, but he is the guiding light whose love shows us the way." by Unknown


Hope you like the post☺

Happy Father's Day: History | Quotes | Images | Recepies Happy Father's Day: History | Quotes | Images | Recepies Reviewed by Being Morning Star on 07:33 Rating: 5

Heating Effect of Current

Heating Effect Of Current





Cause of Heating Effect of Current 

Consider a purely resistive circuit i.e. a ciruit which consist of only some resistors and a source of emf. The energy of the source gets dissipated entirely in the form of heat produced in the resistors. The phenomenon of the production of heat in a resistor by the flow of an electric current throught it is called heating effect of electric current or Joule heating.

When a potential difference is applied across the ends of a conductor, its free electron gets accelerated in the opposite direction of the applied field. But the speed of the electron does not increase beyond a constant drift speed. This is beacause  during the course of their motion, the electron collide frequently with the positive metal ions. The kinetic energy gained by the electron during the intervals of free acceleration between collision is transferred to the metal ions at time of collision. The metal ions begin to vibrate about their mean position more and more violently. The average kinetic energy of the ions increases. This increases the temperature of the conductor. Thus the conductor gets heated due to the flow of current. Obviously, the electrical energy supplied by the source of emf converted into heat
Heat Produced by Electric Current :Joule's Law
Heat produced in a resistor. Consider a conductor AB of resistance R as shown in fig. A source of emf maintains a potential difference V between its ends. A and B and sends a steady current I from A to B. Clearly, Va> Vb and the potential difference across AB is V = Va-Vb> 0
Cause of Heating Effect of Current
   Cause of Heating Effect of Current
The amount of charge that flows from A to B in time t is 
          q = It
As the charge q moves through a decrease of potential of magnitude V, its potential decreases by tha amount ,
          U = Final P.E. at B - Initial P.E at A
qVb - qVa = -q(Va -Vb) = qV<0
If the charges move through the conductor without suffering collisions, their kinetic energy would change so that the total energy is unchanged. By conservation of energy, the change in kinetic energy must be
K = -U = qV = It × V = VIt> 0 
Thus, in case, charges were moving freely throughb the conductor under the action of the electric field, the kinetic energy would increase as they move. However, we know that on the average, the charge carriers or electrons do not move with any acceleration but with a steady drift velocity. This is because of the collision of electrons with ions and atoms during the course of their motion. The kinetic energy gained by the electron is shared with the metal ions. These ions vibrate more vigorously and the conductor gets heated up. The amount of energy dissipated as heat in conductor in time t is
H = VIt joule = I^2Rt joule = V^2t/R joule
Or
H = VIt/4.18 cal = I^2Rt/4.18 cal = V^2t/4.18 R cal
According to this law, heat produced in the resistor is: 
 1.  Directly proportional tobthe square of current for a given R
 2. Directlt proportional to the resistance R for a given I
 3. Inversaly proportional to the resistance R for a given V
 4. Directly proportional to the time for which the current flows through the resistor.
Reference links :

Potentiometer: Construction | Principal | Application | Sensitivity



Heating Effect of Current Heating Effect of Current Reviewed by Being Morning Star on 22:53 Rating: 5

Potentiometer: Construction | Principal | Application | Sensitivity



An Ideal Voltmeter which does not change the original potential difference,needs to have infinite resistance. But a Voltmeter cannot be designed to have an infinite resistance. Potentiometer is one such device which does not draw any current from the circuiy and still measure the potential difference. So it acts as an ideal voltmeter.
Construction of Potentiometer



Potentiometer consist of a long wire,usually 10 m long, of material which have high resistivity and low temperature cofficient such us constantan. Usually, 1 m long separate pieces of the wires are are fixed on a wooden board which is parallel to each other. The wires are joined in series by thick copper strips. A meter scale is fixed parallel to the wires. The end A and B are coonected to a strong battery,a plug key K and a rheostat Rh. This circuit, called driving or auxiliary circuit , sends a constant current I through wire AB. Thus, the potential gradually falls from A to B. A jockey can slide along the length of the wire.
Principal of Potentiometer
The principle of the potentiometer is that when a constant current flows from a wire of uniform cross section area and composition, the potential drop across any length of the wire is directly proportional to that length.a
Potential Gradient - The potential drop per unit length of the potentiometer wires is is known as potential gradient.
    K = V/L
S.I unit -  v/m
Application of Potentiometer

 1. Comparison of emfs of two primary cell


Fig. shows the circuit diagram for the comparing the emfs of the two cells. A constant current is maintained in the potentiometer wire AB by means of a battery of emf E through a key K and rheostat Rh. Let E1 and E2 be the emfs of the two primary cells which are to be compared. The positive terminals of these cells are connected to the end  A of the potntiometer wire and their negative terminals are connected to a high resistance box R.B. ,  a galvanometer G and a jockey J through a two way key. A high R is inserted in the circuit from resistance  box R.B to prevent excessive current flowing through the galvanometer.
As a plug is inserted between a and c , the celk E1 gets introduced in the circuit. The jockey j is moved along the wire  AB till the galvanometer shows no deflection. Let the position of the jockey be j1 and length of the wire Aj1 =  l1. If k is the potential gradient along the wire AB , then the null point,
E1 = Kl1
By inserting the plug between b and c , the null point is again obtained for cell  E2. Let the balancing length be Aj2 = l2. Then
E2 = kl2
:: E2/E1 = l2/l1
If one of the two cells is a standard cell of known emf , then emf of the other cell can be determined. E2 = l2/l1 * E1
In order to get the null point on the potentiometer wire, it is necessary that the emf, E of the auxiliary battery must be greater than both E1 and E2.
 2. Internal resistance of a primary cell by a potentiometer



As shown in fig., the positive terminal of the cell pf emf E whose internal resistance r is to be measured is connected to the end A of the potentiometer wire and its negative terminal to a galvanometer G and jockey j. A resistance box R.B. is connected across the cell through a key k2.
Close the key k1. A constant current flows through the potentiometer wire. With key k2 kept open, move the jockey along AB till it balance the emf E of the cell. Let l1 be the balancing length of the wire. If k is the potential gradient, then emf of the cell be: E=kl1
With the help of resistance box R.B., introduce a resistance R and close key k2. Find the balance point for the terminal potential difference V of the call. If l2 is the balancing length, then 
V= kl2
E/V = l1/l2
Let r be the internal resistance of the cell. If current I flows through cell when it is shunted with resistance R, then from ohm's law we get
E = I(R + r) 
And V= IR
E/V = R + r /R = l1/l2
r/R = l1-l2/l2
:: internal resistance =  r =R [ l1-l2/l2]
Superiority of a potentiometer to a voltmeter.
Potentiometer is a null method device. Al null point , it does not draw any current from the cell and thus there is no potential drop due to the internal resistance of the cell. It measures the p.d. in an open circuit which is equal to the actual emf of the cell. On the other hand , potentiometer draws a small current from the cell for its operation. So it measures the terminal p.d. in a closed circuit which is less than the emf of the cell . That is why potentiometer is preferred over a voltmeter for measuring the emf of a cell.
 Potentiometer  Sensitivity
 1.  If is sensitive if it is capable of measuring very small potential differences 
 2. If it shows a significant change in balancing length for a small change difference being measured.
 Sensitivity of a potentiometer can be increased in two ways:
 1. For a given potential difference , the sensitivity can be increased by increasing the length of a potentiometer wire.
 2. For a potentiometer wire of fixed length, the potential gradient can be decreased by reducing the current in the circuit with the help of a rheostat.
Reference link:  Kirchhoff's Law | Problem Based on Kirchhoff's Law



Potentiometer: Construction | Principal | Application | Sensitivity Potentiometer: Construction | Principal | Application | Sensitivity Reviewed by Being Morning Star on 01:06 Rating: 5

Kirchhoff's Law | Problem Based on Kirchhoff's Law


In 1942,a german physicist extended ohm's law to complicated circuit and gave two law,which is enable us to determine current in any parts of such a circuit.

Some terms related to law-

Electric Network- The term electric network is used for a complicated system of electrical conductors.

Junction-Any point in an electrical circuit where two or more than two conductors are joined together in a junction.

Loop or Mesh- Any closed conducting path in an electrical network is called a loop or mesh.

Branch-A branch is any part of the network that lies between two junctions.

Kirchhoff's First Law or Junction Rule or Kirchhoff's Law of Current.

In an electric circuit,the algebraic sum of current at any junction is zero.Or the sum of currents entering a junction us equal to the sum of current leaving that junction.

Mathematically, €I=0

Sign Convention for Junction Rule

1.The current flowing towards the junction are taken as positive.

2.The currents flowing away from the junction are taken as negative.

€ I=0

::I1 +I2- I3 -I4=0

::Incoming current=Outgoing current.

First law is also known as-Kirchhoff's Current law(KCL).

This law is based on the law of conservation of charge. When current in a circuit are steady,charge cannot accumulate or originate at any point of the circuit. So,whatever charge flows towards the junction in any time interval,an equal charge must flow away from that junction in the same time interval.

Kirchhoff's Second Law or Loop Rule or Kirchhoff's Law of Voltage.

Around any closed loop of a network,the algebraic sum of changes in potential must be zero.Or,the algebraic sum of the emfs in any loop of a circuit is equal to the sum of the products of current and resistance in it.

Mathematically,  €delta V=0 or € EMF= €IR.

Sign Convention for Loop Rule

1.we can take any direction as the direction of transversal.

2.The emf of cell is taken as positive if the transversal is from its negative to the positive terminal.

3. The emf of a cell is taken as negative if the direction of transversal is from its positive to the negative terminal.

4. The Current-resistance product is taken as positive if the resistor is transversed in the same direction of assumed current.

5. The IR product is taken as negative if the resistors is transversed in the opposite direction of assumed current.

In fig.

Algebraic sum of current resistance product=I1R1-I2R2

Algebraic sum of emfs=E1-E2

-Applying K. Law to closed path ABCFA,we get 

E1-E2=I1R1-I2R2

-Similarly applying K. Second rule to mesh CDEFC,we get

E2=I2R2+(I1+I2)R3

Second rule is also called -Kirchhoff's Voltage Law(KVL).

This law is based on the law of conservation of energy. As the electrostatic force is a conservative force,so the work done by it along any closed path must be zero.

Problem Based on Kirchhoff's Law.

1.Two cells of emfs 1.5v and 2.0v and internal resistance 1ohm and 2 ohm respectively are connected in parallel so as to send current in the same direction through an external resistance of 5 ohm.

Using Kirchhoff's Law,calculate

(a) current through each branch of the circuit.

(b) p.d. across the 5 ohm resistance.

Solution..

Let I1 and I2 be the current as shown in fig. Using kirchhoff's law for the loop AFCBA,we get

2 I2 -1 I1 = E1-E2 = 2-1.5

2 I2-I1 = 0.5.....(1)

For the loop CFEDC,we have

1 I1 +5(I1+I2) = E1-1.5

5 I2+ 6 I1 = 1.5.......(2)

Solving (1) & (2)...

I1 = 1/34 A  &   I2 = 9/34A

Current through branch BA,

        I1= 1/34 A

Current through branch CF

I2 = 9/34 A

Current through branch DE

         I1 + I2 = 10/34

(b) P.D. across 5 ohm resistance

      =( I1 +I2) *5 = 1.47 V.



Kirchhoff's Law | Problem Based on Kirchhoff's Law Kirchhoff's Law | Problem Based on Kirchhoff's Law Reviewed by Being Morning Star on 18:00 Rating: 5
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